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Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Background
2.1 Large Language Models (LLMs)
2.2 Prompt Learning
3 Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models (RA-LLMs)
3.1 Retrieval
3.2 Generation
3.3 Retrieval Integration for Generation Augmentation
3.4 Retrieval Augmentation Necessity and Frequency
4 RA-LLMs Training
4.1 Training-free
4.2 Independent Training
4.3 Sequential Training
4.4 Joint Training
5 Applications
5.1 NLP Applications
5.2 Downstream Tasks
5.3 Domain-specific Applications
6 Future Challenges and Opportunities
7 Conclusion
References
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